Varisha SharmaIntroductionThe African Continent has been marred by civil wars for a long time but none as severe as the ones in Sudan that since its independence in 1956 has witnessed 20 military coup attempts. However, the most recent...
Policy UpdateShruti ChandraBackground India’s commitment to justice is woven into the very fabric of its constitutional identity. The preamble to the Constitution of India embodies this vision by resolving to secure to all its citizens Justice – social, economic and...
Policy UpdateShivali Yadav BackgroundFor over ten years, India maintained a law aimed at allowing mineral development of its seabed, yet for the same period, very little occurred. The Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act was enacted in 2002 and...
Policy UpdateShivali Yadav1. BackgroundThe National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 called for removing the ‘hard separation’ between school, higher and vocational education. It proposed an Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) to facilitate the accumulation and mobility of credits (Ministry of...
Policy UpdateAsmatwaliBackgroundIndia’s diaspora in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries numbers approximately 9.7 million out of a total overseas Indian population of 35.4 million, according to data submitted to Parliament by the Minister of State for External Affairs, Pabitra...
Policy UpdateAsmatwaliBackgroundOn 17 September 2025, Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed the Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) in Riyadh, formalising decades of informal Pakistan-Saudi security cooperation into a binding...
Policy UpdateSaachi SaxenaBackgroundIndia’s rapid urbanization has made cities the engines of economic growth while simultaneously increasing their exposure to climate-related risks. According to the World Bank (2025), India’s urban population is projected to increase from 480 million in 2020...
Policy UpdateHimanshi SinghBackgroundThe old buyer-seller connection has given way to a comprehensive strategic partnership in the bilateral relationship between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and India. India signed a deal with the Kingdom to create the Strategic Partnership Council...
Policy Update Dolly KaushikBackgroundIndia-ASEAN relations have grown into one of the central drivers of Indo-Pacific stability and economic integration. Over three decades, bilateral engagement has moved from early dialogue mechanisms to a full Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.This evolution began with...
Policy Update AsmatwaliBackgroundFollowing the outbreak of a US-Israel military campaign against Iran on 28 February 2026, Iranian forces declared the Strait of Hormuz “closed”, attacking merchant vessels and laying sea mines to enforce the blockade (Wikipedia contributors, 2026a). The...
