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Policy UpdateShivali Yadav1. BackgroundThe National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced the concept of an Academic Bank of Credits, a digital system where students could accumulate credits earned from accredited institutions and later use them for transfer, accumulation, or redemption...
Policy UpdateAkshat JangidIntroductionThe South Caucasus is a strategic region that has traditionally been shaped by competition among Russia, Turkey, Iran, and Western powers. However, in recent years, India has established a more visible presence in the region through its...
Policy UpdateParidhi PassiBackgroundBefore this reform began, India’s statute books contained thousands of provisions where relatively harmless lapses, such as a missed filing deadline, an incorrect entry in a register, or a delayed renewal, could technically expose a citizen or...
Policy UpdateYashkirti PalBACKGROUNDLeft-Wing Extremism (LWE) has historically posed one of the most persistent and potent challenges to India’s internal security fabric. Characterised by protracted guerilla warfare across the mineral-rich but socio-economically marginalised tribal tracts of the “Red Corridor”, the...
Policy UpdateTanvi NerurkarIntroductionIndia’s urban population is expected to reach nearly 600 million by 2030, accounting for about 40% of the country’s total population (Observer Research Foundation , 2025; OECD Observatory of Public Sector Innovation , 2024). This rapid growth...
Policy UpdateAmbika SharmaIntroductionIndia’s traditional industries have often been viewed not only as a form of economic activity but also as a symbol of craftsmanship and cultural heritage, providing millions of artisans with livelihoods and financial support across rural and...
Policy UpdateVishal KumarBackgroundFor decades, the economic narrative of Jammu and Kashmir was confined to the traditional “Big Three”: tourism, horticulture, and handicrafts. While these sectors provided a cultural identity and basic livelihood, they remained highly susceptible to external shocks,...
A Practitioner Who Taught Us That Diplomacy Begins With Understanding PeopleSimi MehtaThere are diplomats whose careers are remembered through the offices they held, and there are diplomats whose influence endures because they changed the way others understood the...
Policy UpdateSandra MenonIntroductionIndia has spent decades regulating how much energy its industries use, but until now it never had a legal mechanism to price how much carbon those industries actually emit. The Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) changes that....
Dolly KaushikBACKGROUNDThis paper examines whether the India-Chile CEPA functions as more than a trade liberalisation agreement, arguing that it operates primarily as a strategic instrument for securing India’s critical mineral supply chains. Over the last two decades, the economic...
