Policy Update
Samiksha Muskan
Background
Goa is India’s smallest state by area, spread across roughly 3,700 sq. km along the western coast and divided into North Goa and South Goa districts (with a third district, Kushavati, recently notified in South Goa). Its economy has historically leaned heavily on tourism, mining and remittances, alongside a growing services and IT base, a structure that also leaves it exposed to global shocks, from oil-price swings to shifts in outbound travel demand.
Chief Minister Pramod Sawant, who also holds the Finance portfolio, presented his seventh budget for the state in the Legislative Assembly on 6 March 2026. Total expenditure for 2026–27 is pegged at Rs 30,195 crore, a 7.21 % rise over the 2025–26 estimates, against projected total receipts of Rs 29,181 crore and an anticipated revenue surplus of Rs 1,666 crore. Excluding debt repayment of about Rs 2,132 crore, expenditure is placed at Rs 28,061 crore, with the fiscal deficit estimated at 3.4 % of GSDP (Rs 4,422 crore). Goa’s GSDP for 2026–27 is projected at Rs 1.31 lakh crore, with per capita GSDP at Rs 8.18 lakh, among the highest of any Indian state.
Sawant flagged continuing instability in West Asia as a risk to Goa’s service- and tourism-dependent economy, even as he described the state’s underlying finances as sound. The budget’s broader narrative is one of hedging: shoring up welfare guarantees while pushing the state toward mining revival, green infrastructure, entrepreneurship and skilled employment as a cushion against tourism volatility. Entrepreneurship and green-infrastructure schemes together are reported to account for close to 15 % of proposed expenditure, roughly Rs 3,375 crore, double the previous year’s allocation.
The Government of Goa runs its work through various departments and directorates. This update goes department by department: the sections below first cover departments with specific, reported 2026–27 allocations or scheme announcements, and then list the remaining administrative, regulatory and support departments that make up the rest of the government structure.
Public Works Department (PWD)
Latest Departmental Outlay: ~Rs 1,897 Cr (including Rs 1,300 Cr for infrastructure projects)
Scheme 1: Roads and Bridges Construction & Maintenance, Launch Year: Ongoing annual head, Key Details: construction and maintenance of state roads and bridges; new roads to carry utility ducts for water, power and telecom lines, Coverage: State road network statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 1,237 Cr.
Scheme 2: Constituency Infrastructure Development, Launch Year: Ongoing, Key Details: infrastructure projects identified by local MLAs for their constituencies, Coverage: All Assembly constituencies statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 100 Cr per constituency.
Scheme 3: Vasco City Rejuvenation Project, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: development of green spaces and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, Coverage: Vasco da Gama city, Latest Budget: Rs 180 Cr.
Scheme 4: Verna–Bambolim Pipeline & Emergency House Numbers Scheme, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: new pipeline to address water shortages; replacement of old pipelines; automated water-supply systems; Emergency House Numbers to extend water/electricity connections to houses on private plots, Coverage: Tiswadi taluka (pipeline) and statewide (house numbers), Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in budget coverage.
Electricity (Power) Department
Scheme 1: Smart Electricity Metering Programme, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: installation of smart electricity meters statewide, Coverage: All electricity consumers statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 467 Cr.
Scheme 2: Power Distribution Loss Reduction Programme, Launch Year: Ongoing, Key Details: revamp of the distribution system through ten packages, supported by central assistance, Coverage: Statewide distribution network, Latest Budget: Rs 243Cr in estimated loss reduction.
Captain of Ports Department
Scheme 1: Ro-Ro Ferry Service Expansion, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: new Ro-Ro ferry services and upgrades to existing ferries, Coverage: São Pedro and Divar Island routes, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in budget coverage.
Civil Aviation Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; the department continues to oversee Manohar International Airport (Mopa) operations through the Mopa Airport Development Authority.
Health Services Department
Latest Departmental Outlay: ~Rs 2,217 Cr (including Rs 1,063 Cr for Goa Medical College)
Scheme 1: Deen Dayal Swasthya Seva Yojana (DDSSY), Launch Year: 2016 (30 May), Key Details: cashless universal health-insurance cover; slabs enhanced to Rs 4 lakh (families of three or fewer) and Rs 6 lakh (families of four or more), up from Rs 2.5 lakh/Rs 4 lakh, Coverage: Long-term resident families statewide.
Scheme 2: Department of AYUSH, Launch Year: 2026 (new department announced), Key Details: dedicated department to promote traditional and alternative medicine systems, Coverage: Statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 3: MBBS Seat Expansion & ESI Medical College, South Goa, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: MBBS seats at Goa Medical College raised from 200 to 250; new ESI Medical College planned with half its seats reserved for Goan students, Coverage: Medical aspirants statewide, Latest Budget: Included in Rs 1,063 Cr Goa Medical College allocation.
Scheme 4: Institute of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour Building, Launch Year: 2026 (targeted completion December 2026), Key Details: construction of a 100-bed facility, Coverage: Statewide mental-health patients, Latest Budget: Rs 82 Cr.
Scheme 5: Goa Dental College Upgrade, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: infrastructure upgrade, Coverage: Dental education and patients statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 80 Cr.
Scheme 6: National Institute of Speech and Hearing, Launch Year: 2026 (new institute announced), Key Details: specialised facility for speech and hearing impairment, Coverage: Statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 7: IPHB Complex Hospital & Day-Care Centre, Launch Year: 2026 (hospital targeted December 2026; day-care from April 2026), Key Details: 100-bed hospital and day-care centre at the Industrial Promotion and Housing Board complex, Coverage: Statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 8: Online OPD Appointment & Free Vaccination Drive, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: online OPD booking extended across departments; free vaccination drive, Coverage: 50,000 adults (vaccination component), Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Food and Drugs Administration
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; the department continues its regulatory mandate over drug licensing, food safety enforcement and quality testing statewide.
Education Department (School Education)
Latest Departmental Outlay: ~Rs 3,439 Cr
Scheme 1: Integrated College Complex, Dona Paula, Launch Year: 2026 (work to begin), Key Details: co-locating colleges of Pharmacy, Home Science, Fine Arts, Music, Architecture and Education, Coverage: Higher-education students statewide.
Scheme 2: Skilling Infrastructure Expansion, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: Drone Remote Pilot Training Centre at Cacora ITI; new ITIs at Sanguem and Dharbandora, Coverage: ITI students statewide.
Scheme 3: Menstrual Hygiene Scheme, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: provision of biodegradable sanitary pads, Coverage: Schoolgirls statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 1 Cr
Scheme 4: Mandatory Internship Requirement, Launch Year: Introduced in an earlier budget cycle (year not specified), Key Details: internship requirement built into graduation courses, Coverage: Graduation students statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Higher Education Directorate
No separately reported 2026–27 allocation distinct from the Education Department total; administers the Dona Paula college-complex expansion and routine grant-in-aid to government and aided colleges.
Skill Development, Entrepreneurship and Employment Department
Scheme 1: Campus Innovation Scheme, Launch Year: 2025 (Goa Startup Policy), Key Details: promotes innovation and incubation activity on college campuses, Coverage: Students and campus incubators statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 2: Promotion and Marketing Assistance Scheme, Launch Year: 2025 (Goa Startup Policy), Key Details: marketing and promotional support for registered startups, Coverage: Startups statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 3: Women Entrepreneur Vitality Scheme, Launch Year: 2025 (Goa Startup Policy), Key Details: targeted support for women-led startups, Coverage: Women entrepreneurs statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 4: Skill Enhancement Scheme, Launch Year: 2025 (Goa Startup Policy), Key Details: skilling support linked to the startup and entrepreneurship ecosystem, Coverage: Statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 5: Orphan Reservation in Jobs and Education, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: reservation in government jobs and a special quota in educational institutions, Coverage: Orphans statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 6: Staff Selection Commission Recruitment Drive, Launch Year: 2026–27 (current fiscal), Key Details: filling of approximately 2,500 vacancies through the SSC, Coverage: Public-sector job seekers statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified budget.
Women and Child Development Department
Scheme 1: Griha Aadhar Scheme, Launch Year: 2012 (4 October), Key Details: monthly financial support to homemakers from middle, lower-middle and economically weaker households; support amount proposed to increase, Coverage: Eligible married, widowed and divorced women statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 330 Cr.
Scheme 2: Ladli Laxmi Scheme, Launch Year: 2012 (6 July), Key Details: one-time marriage/majority-age financial gift to girls, aimed at countering female foeticide, Coverage: Girl beneficiaries statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 40 Cr.
Scheme 3: Mamta Yojana, Launch Year: Ongoing (exact launch year not confirmed in available sources), Key Details: financial assistance around the birth of a girl child, Coverage: Mothers of girl children statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 4: Working Women’s Hostels, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: construction of hostels near major industrial estates, Coverage: Working women statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 100 Cr.
Social Welfare Department
Scheme 1: Dayanand Social Security Scheme (DSSS), Launch Year: 2002, Key Details: monthly pension to senior citizens, single women, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups; amount proposed to rise in line with inflation, Coverage: Over 2.24 lakh beneficiaries statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 479 Cr.
Scheme 2: Atal Asra Yojana, Launch Year: Ongoing (exact launch year not confirmed in available sources), Key Details: housing/shelter-support scheme for vulnerable families; benefit enhancements announced, Coverage: Vulnerable families statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Tribal Welfare Department
Scheme 1: Tribal Sub-Plan & Post-Matric Scholarship/Hostel Schemes, Launch Year: Ongoing, Key Details: scholarships, hostel facilities and employment-reservation monitoring for Scheduled Tribe students and citizens, Coverage: Scheduled Tribe community statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Tourism Department
Latest Departmental Outlay: ~Rs 385 Cr
Scheme 1: Inbound Tour Operators’ Incentive Scheme, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: incentives to promote chartered flights into the state, Coverage: Inbound international tourists.
Scheme 2: Casino Fee Revision, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: 200 % hike in casino fees to widen the tourism-linked revenue base, Coverage: Licensed casino operators.
Scheme 3: Pilgrimage Infrastructure Programme, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: Ram Niwas rest-house land purchase in Ayodhya; Goa Yatri Bhavan planned at Vashi, Navi Mumbai; accommodation facilities planned at Pandharpur and Velankanni, Coverage: Goan pilgrims and devotees, Latest Budget: Rs 20 Cr (Ayodhya land purchase).
Art, Culture and Museums Department
Scheme 1: International Concerts Initiative, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: hosting international artists; proposed “plug-and-play” concert venue to reduce event lead time, Coverage: Statewide cultural audience, Latest Budget: Rs 5Cr.
Sports and Youth Affairs Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; the department continues to run athlete stipends, coaching camps and sports-infrastructure upkeep across the state’s talukas.
Handicrafts, Textile and Coir Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; the department continues subsidy and marketing-support schemes for artisans and coir producers.
Mines and Geology Department
Scheme 1: Mineral Block E-Auction Programme, Launch Year: Ongoing (2026 tranche), Key Details: e-auction of mineral blocks; seven additional blocks and a second phase of dump auctioning underway, Coverage: Mining sector statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 252 Cr generated to date; up to Rs 5,000 Cr/year potential once all 12 blocks are operational.
Scheme 2: Iron-Ore Grade Testing Laboratory, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: quality-testing infrastructure for iron ore, Coverage: Mining sector statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 3 Cr.
Scheme 3: Green Tax and Fitness Fee Reimbursement Scheme, Launch Year: Ongoing (continued in 2026–27), Key Details: reimbursement for truck owners affected by mining disruptions, Coverage: Truck owners in mining-affected areas, Latest Budget: Rs 4 Cr.
Scheme 4: Barge Owner Spot-Loan Facility, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: loan facility via financial institutions to help barge owners maintain ore-transport vessels, Coverage: Barge owners statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
MSME, Industries, Trade and Commerce Department (renamed from the Industries Department in this budget)
Scheme 1: MSME Export Incentive Scheme, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: support for export-related costs, Coverage: MSMEs statewide, Latest Budget: Up to Rs 4 lakh per unit.
Scheme 2: Large Investment SGST Reimbursement Scheme, Launch Year: Ongoing, Key Details: full SGST reimbursement for five years for industries investing more than Rs 5,000 crore, plus tax incentives for starred rural hotels, Coverage: Large investors and rural hospitality projects, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 3: Sanjivani Sugar Factory Revival, Launch Year: 2026 (current fiscal), Key Details: revival of the state-owned sugar factory, Coverage: Dharbandora sugarcane belt, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Scheme 4: Goa Investment Promotion Board – Project Approvals, Launch Year: Ongoing, Key Details: single-window approval of investment projects, Coverage: Investors statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 1,117 Cr across 31 projects approved in the previous year.
Information Technology Department
Latest Departmental Outlay: ~Rs 189 Cr (including Rs 10 Cr for startup support schemes)
Scheme 1: GBBN 2.0 Project, Launch Year: 2026 (Phase 2), Key Details: broadband connectivity expansion, Coverage: 414 points of presence and 1,605 government locations.
Scheme 2: Goa Mobile App, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: consolidated e-governance services on a single app, Coverage: Statewide citizens, Latest Budget: Rs 1 Cr.
Scheme 3: Goa Online Portal Revamp, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: platform revamp to improve ease of doing business, Coverage: Statewide businesses and citizens.
Scheme 4: IT Sector Local-Hiring Incentive, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: incentive to new IT firms hiring at least 50 % Goans, Coverage: New IT-sector employers, Latest Budget: Rs 5 lakh per firm.
Transport Department
Scheme 1: Kadamba Transport Corporation Fleet Expansion, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: procurement of 137 additional buses; introduction of electric buses and e-rickshaws at industrial estates, Coverage: Public-transport commuters statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 258 Cr.
(Ferry and port connectivity is covered under the Captain of Ports Department above.)
Agriculture Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; the department continues input-subsidy, mechanisation and crop-insurance support in coordination with central schemes such as PM-Kisan and PMFBY.
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; the department continues dairy-incentive and veterinary-service delivery through its taluka-level infrastructure.
Fisheries Department
Scheme 1: Coastal Surveillance Drone Deployment, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: drone-based surveillance to curb illegal fishing and strengthen marine security, Coverage: Goa’s coastline, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Forest Department
Latest Departmental Outlay: ~Rs 199 Cr
Scheme 1: Eco-Tourism Development in Wildlife Sanctuaries, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: eco-tourism initiatives across the Bhagwan Mahaveer, Mollem, Cotigao and Netravali sanctuaries, Coverage: Wildlife sanctuaries statewide.
Scheme 2: Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Facility, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: new facility for rescue and rehabilitation of wild animals, Coverage: Statewide.
Environment and Climate Change Department
Scheme 1: Climate Change Fund, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: dedicated fund supporting climate-adaptation, bio-mining and blue-economy initiatives, Coverage: Statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 10 Cr
Directorate of Panchayats / Rural Development
Latest Departmental Outlay: ~Rs 293 Cr (Panchayat department)
Scheme 1: Deen Dayal Infrastructure Development Scheme, Launch Year: Ongoing (boosted in 2026–27), Key Details: funding for panchayat ghars, market complexes, community halls and other civic infrastructure, Coverage: Village panchayats statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 15 Cr (additional boost).
Scheme 2: GIPARD Institutional Grant, Launch Year: Ongoing, Key Details: grant to the Goa Institute of Public Administration and Rural Development, Coverage: Panchayat and rural-administration training statewide, Latest Budget: Rs 15 Cr.
Town and Country Planning (TCP) Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; sustainable development and environmental protection have been positioned as guiding principles for urban planning and building-permission clearances.
Housing Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; it oversees the Goa Housing Board and the Industrial Promotion and Housing Board (IPHB), which hosts the new hospital and day-care centre noted under Health above.
Revenue Department
Scheme 1: Vision Kushavati – Kushavati District Development, Launch Year: 2026 (announced), Key Details: development and administrative infrastructure for the newly notified third district in South Goa, Coverage: Kushavati district, South Goa, Latest Budget: Rs 500 Cr.
Scheme 2: Census 2026–27 Preparatory Activities, Launch Year: 2026, Key Details: self-enumeration (1–15 April) followed by house-listing (from 16 April), Coverage: Statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Home Department (including Goa Police)
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage beyond the department’s overall allocation; police expenditure stands at 3.8 % of total state expenditure. The department also oversees the Directorate of Fire and Emergency Services, which operates 17 fire stations statewide.
Law Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; continues legislative drafting, litigation and legal-opinion functions.
General Administration Department (GAD)
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; handles budget provisions, Cabinet coordination, secretariat administration and staff welfare.
Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs Department
Scheme 1: Public Distribution System (NFSA), Launch Year: Ongoing (National Food Security Act, 2013), Key Details: monthly ration allocation under Antyodaya Anna Yojana, Priority Household and Above-Poverty-Line categories, Coverage: Ration cardholders statewide, Latest Budget: Not separately quantified in the budget.
Co-operation Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; regulates and supports the state’s cooperative societies and credit institutions.
Labour Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; administers industrial-relations mediation, labour-welfare schemes and employment-facilitation services.
Excise Department and Commercial Taxes / State Tax Department
No separately quantified scheme was highlighted in 2026–27 budget coverage; these departments jointly administer the casino-fee revision noted under Tourism above, alongside the state’s core indirect-tax and liquor-licensing revenue functions.
Conclusion
The Goa Budget 2026–27 tries to hold two things together at once; (i) a large and growing welfare footprint through Griha Aadhar, Ladli Laxmi, Dayanand Social Security and an expanded DDSSY health cover (ii) and a deliberate hedge against the state’s tourism dependence, via mining revival, MSME export incentives, the Startup Policy 2025 schemes, and green infrastructure investment. Running across roughly 50 departments, the bulk of new money is concentrated in a handful of high-visibility heads: PWD, Education, Health, Panchayat and Power while a much larger number of regulatory and administrative departments continue on largely unchanged allocations. With a revenue surplus maintained even as the fiscal deficit widens to 3.4 % of GSDP, the budget reflects both Goa’s comparatively strong fiscal base (the highest per-capita GSDP among Indian states) and the underlying pressure of financing an ambitious social, infrastructural and administrative agenda on a small, geographically constrained revenue pool.
References
- Daijiworld. (2026, March 7). Goa budget focuses on reviving mining sector amid tourism concerns. https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=1308428
- Department of Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs, Government of Goa. (n.d.). Ration quota notifications, 2026. https://goacivilsupplies.gov.in
- Directorate of Women & Child Development, Government of Goa. (n.d.). Griha Aadhar and Laadli Laxmi Scheme: Administrative guidelines. https://dwcd.goa.gov.in/administrative-guidelines-to-griha-aadhar-and-laadli-laxmi-scheme/
- ETV Bharat. (2026, March 6). Goa budget with outlay of Rs. 30,195 crore presented in Assembly; revenue surplus to be Rs. 1,666 crore. https://www.etvbharat.com/en/state/goabudget-presented-the-state-budget-for-2026-to-2027-in-the-assemblyenn26030606217
- EventFAQs India. (2026, March 27). Goa Budget 2026–27: ₹5 crore set aside for international music concerts. https://in.eventfaqs.com/2026/03/27/goa-budget-2026-27-%E2%82%B95-crore-set-aside-for-international-music-concerts/
- Goemkarponn News. (2026, March 6). 2027 written all over: Sawant presents populist budget. Dailyhunt. https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/goemkarponn+newsepaper-gmkpnnws/2027written+all+over+sawant+presents+populist+budget-newsidn703507971
- Integrated Government Online Directory, National Informatics Centre. (n.d.). Departments-Goa. https://igod.gov.in/sg/GA/E003/organizations
- National Health Mission, Goa. (n.d.). Deen Dayal Swasthya Seva Yojana (DDSSY). https://nhm.goa.gov.in/ddssy/
- Navhind Times. (2026, March 6). Rs. 500 crore for Kushavati district, major push for infra, water and skilling. https://navhindtimes.in/goanews/rs-500-cr-for-kushavati-districtmajor-push-for-infra-water-and-skilling/
- O Heraldo. (2026, March 7). Infra push, welfare boost mark Goa Budget 2026–27. https://www.heraldgoa.in/goa/infra-push-welfare-boost-mark-goa-budget-202627/466975/
- Press Trust of India. (2026, March 6). Goa Budget: Global economic scenario may impact state’s service-driven economy, says CM. ThePrint. https://theprint.in/india/goa-budget-globaleconomic-scenario-may-impact-states-service-driven-economy-says-cm/2872085
- PRS Legislative Research. (2026). Goa Budget Analysis 2026–27. https://prsindia.org/budgets/states/goa-budget-analysis-2026-27
- The Goan. (2026, March 7). Sawant’s Budget: Strategic powerplay. https://www.thegoan.net/goa-news/sawants-budget-strategic-powerplay/144560.html
- The Goan EveryDay. (2026, March 7). Budget delivers hope to every home. https://www.thegoan.net/oped/budget-delivers-hope-to-every-home/144562.html
About the Contributor
Samiksha Muskan is a Research and Editorial Intern at IMPRI. She is currently pursuing a BA (Honors) with Research in Political Science from Lady Shri Ram College for Women at Delhi University.
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to IMPRI for giving me this opportunity to write Policy Update and its intellectual encouraging environment. I would especially like to acknowledge Pritha Chowdhury and Vyomini Nathwani for giving valuable feedback and review.
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